Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern neuroscience. In 1873 he discovered the 'reazione nera' - the black reaction - a histological stain which was to prove to be a revolutionary method for studying the structure of the nervous system. To this day, the Golgi stain is still widely used. For every student of medicine or biology, Golgi's name is synonymous with one of the basic structures in the cell: Golgi Apparatus, a cellular structure involved in protein glycosylation and transport. Golgi discovered the apparatus in 1898, and as a result of which, he is probably the most widely cited biologist in the scientific literature. But this is only one of Golgi's many contributions to scientific research. Amongst other things, he devised a system for the classification of neurons on the basis of axonal distribution, and identified a type of cell in the cerebellum. He identified and described the malarial cycle in the human. His discoveries were both basic, and rich with therapeutic implications. His remarkable achievements earned him a Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1906. It is enough to open any book of biology or medicine to realize that Golgi is one of the giants of 19th Century scientific endeavour. Despite this, Golgi remains a relatively unknown figure in the history of neuroscience and cell biology. This long-awaited biography, in a new translation from the Italian, is a fascinating analysis of Golgi's experiments, ideas, and personal life. It will be welcomed by anyone who has ever wondered about this brilliant Italian scientist and his seminal contributions to the fields of neuroscience, cytology and cell biology, pathology, and biochemistry today.

Preface 1. Introduction: Between revolution and conservatism 2. From the mountains of Valcamonica to the University of Pavia 3. The University of Pavia medical school before Golgi 4. The morphological choice 5. A small circle of Dante 6. The black silhouette 7. Neurohistology and neurophysiology before the 'black reaction' 8. Finding a way out of the labyrinth 9. Professor at Pavia 10. The structure of the central nervous system 11. Controversies and various studies 12. The secret of the intermittent fevers 13. The prophets of the neuron 14. Seemingly a matter of priority 15. Protoplasmic pantheism 16. Golgi versus Cajal: holism versus reductionism at the dawn of the neurosciences 17. A tranquil laboratory life 18. The threat from Milan 19. The Golgi Apparatus 20. The laboratory where a discovery is made every day 21. Siamese twins joined at the shoulder 22. Back to research 23. The veil of Isis 24. Working unto death

Paolo Mazzarello , University of Pavia, Italy