In everyday life, and particularly in the modern workplace, information technology and automation increasingly mediate, augment, and sometimes even interfere with how humans interact with their environment. How to understand and support cognition in human-technology interaction is both a practically and socially relevant problem. The chapters in this volume frame this problem in adaptive terms: How are behavior and cognition adapted, or perhaps ill-adapted, to the demands and opportunities of an environment where interaction is mediated by tools and technology? The authors draw heavily on the work of Egon Brunswik, a pioneer in ecological and cognitive psychology, as well as on modern refinements and extensions of Brunswikian ideas, including Hammond's Social Judgment Theory, Gigerenzer's Ecological Rationality and Anderson's Rational Analysis. Inspired by Brunswik's view of cognition as "coming to terms" with the "casual texture" of the external world, the chapters in this volume provide quantitative and computational models and measures for studying how people come to terms with an increasingly technological ecology, and provide insights for supporting cognition and performance through design, training, and other interventions. The methods, models, and measures presented in this book provide timely and important resources for addressing problems in the rapidly growing field of human-technology interaction. The book will be of interest to researchers, students, and practitioners in human factors, cognitive engineering, human-computer interaction, judgment and decision making, and cognitive science.

Foreword. K.R. Hammond Part I Background and Motivation. 1. Cognitive Engineering: Toward a Workable Concept of Mind, Kirlik 2. Introduction to Brunswikian Theory and Method, Goldstein Part II Technological Interfaces. Part II Introduction. Kirlik 3. Knowledge Versus Execution in Dynamic Judgment Tasks, Bisantz, Kirlik, Gay, Walker & Fisk 4. The Effects of Computer Displays and Time Pressure on the Performance of Distributed Teams, Adelman, Yeo & Miller 5. Supporting Situation Assessment Through Attention Guidance and Diagnostic Aiding: The Benefits and Costs of Display Enhancement on Judgment Skill, Horrey, Wickens, Kirlik & Stewart 6. Applying the Multivariate Lens Model to Fault Diagnosis, Jha & Bisantz Part III Altering Automation and Decision Aids. Part III Introduction. Kirlik 7. Measuring the Fit Between Human Judgment and Alerting Systems: A Study of Collision Detection in Aviation, Pritchett & Bisantz 8. Trust, Decision Aiding, and Feedback: An Integrated Approach, Seong, Bisantz & Gattie 9. Human-automated Judgment Learning: Enhancing Interaction with Automated Judgment Systems, Bass & Pritchett Part IV Alternatives to Compensatory Modeling. Part IV Introduction. Kirlik 10. Inferring Fast and Frugal Heuristics from Human Judgment Data, Rothrock & Kirlik 11. Viewing Training Through a Fuzzy Lens, Campbell, Buff & Bolton 12. Achieving Coherence: Meeting New Cognitive Demands in Technological Systems, Mosier & McCauley Part V Into the Field: Vicarious Functioning in Action. Part V Introduction. Kirlik 13. What Makes Vicarious Functioning Work? Exploring the Geometry of Human-Technology Interaction, Degani, Shafto & Kirlik 14. Understanding the Determinants of Adaptive Behavior in a Modern Airline Cockpit, Casner 15. Abstracting Situated Action: Implications for Cognitive Modeling and Interface Design, Kirlik Part VI Ecological Analysis Meets Cognitive Modeling. Part VI Introduction. Kirlik 16. The Emerging Reapproachment Between Cognitive and Ecological Analyses, Gray 17. The Use of Proximal Information Scent to Forage for Distal Content on the World Wide Web, Pirolli 18. Kilograms Matter: Rational Analysis, Ecological Rationality, and Closed-loop Modeling of Interactive Cognition and Behavior, Byrne, Kirlik & Fick Part VII Reflections and Future Directions. 19. Reflections from a Judgment & Decision Making Perspective, Connolly 20. Reflections from a Cognitive Engineering & Human Factors Perspective, Vicente Author Index Subject Index

". . . Not only does Brunswik's analysis provide a coherent way to think about the problems of perception, mind, environment, and adaptation, but in a sense, Brunswik gets the last theoretical laugh in one of psychology's oldest arguments. The book is an indispensable guide to an emerging theoretical consensus on embedded human-machine systems." --Stuart Card, Senior Research Fellow, Xerox PARC |k No