ISBN: 9780195565393

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Australian Trade Mark Law

Robert Burrell, Michael Handler


Australian Trade Mark Law provides a comprehensive overview of trade mark law in Australia and encourages readers to critically engage with the operation of the Australian trade mark system as a whole.

Moving beyond a purely descriptive account of existing legislation and case law, this book encourages readers to view and question the law through a critical lens. It questions the functioning of the trade mark system as well as the decisions made by courts, the legislature and administrative bodies that have shaped such a system, while also critically assessing how the trademark system could work better in the future.

  • Draws attention to the way the Australian trade mark system fits together as a whole by explaining: he way the different provisions of the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth)fit together; the connection between the trade mark registration system and the system of protection for unregistered marks; the relationship between passing off and Australia’s consumer protection legislation.
  • Covers recent high court activity: E & J Gallo Winery v Lion Nathan Australia Pty Ltd and Health World Ltd v Shin-Sun Australia Pty Ltd.
  • Includes 42 trade mark images/diagrams.
  • Draws on comparative material that illustrates how other jurisdictions deal with particular issues or problems.

 

Table of Cases

Table of Statutes

Table of Australian Case Citations

Table of Other Case Citations

Table of Other Abbreviations

1 The Roles of the Trade Mark System

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Justifi cations for trade mark protection

1.3 The role of trade mark registration

1.4 Origins and sources

2 Applying to Register a Trade Mark: Examination and Opposition Proceedings

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Requirements for making an application

2.3 Pre-examination procedures

2.4 Amending or withdrawing an application

2.5 International applications under the Madrid Protocol

2.6 Examination procedures

2.7 Opposition proceedings

2.8 Appeals to the Federal Court and other tribunals

3 Signs and Their Representation

3.1 Introduction 58

3.2 The defi nition of a trade mark

3.3 The requirement of graphic representation

4 Distinctiveness

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The legislative regime

4.3 Determining where marks fall on the continuum of distinctive

character: general principles

4.4 Examples of application

4.5 Factual distinctiveness: s 41(5) and (6)

4.6 Rethinking distinctiveness and functionality

5 Other Grounds of Rejection and Opposition Not Involving Conflicts with Earlier Marks

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Prohibited and prescribed signs

5.3 Scandalous marks

5.4 Marks whose use would be contrary to law

5.5 Deceptive or confusing connotations

5.6 No intention to use

5.7 Application made in bad faith

5.8 Application or other document amended contrary to the Act

5.9 Acceptance based on false information

6 Conflicts with Earlier Registered Marks or Applications for Registration

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Section 44 and reg 4.15A: an overview

6.3 Similarity of marks

6.4 Similarity of goods/services

6.5 Overcoming a ground of rejection under s 44 or reg 4.15A

6.6 Possible reform of s 44: the UK model

7 Conflicts with Earlier Marks—Other Grounds of Opposition

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Section 60

7.3 Section 42(b)

7.4 Section 43

7.5 Section 58

7.6 Rethinking the relationship between ss 60, 42(b), 43 and 58

7.7 Section 62A

8 Amendment, Revocation and Cancellation of Registration

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Registration and renewal

8.3 Amendment, cancellation and revocation of registered

marks by the Registrar

8.4 Rectifi cation of the Register following a court order

9 Non-Use of Registered Marks

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Overview of Part 9 and procedural matters

9.3 Use of a registered mark 289

9.4 Section 92(4)(a): particular issues

9.5 Section 92(4)(b): particular issues

9.6 Discretion to remove or amend the registration

9.7 Rethinking non-use: options for reforming the Act

10 Infringement and Defences

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The harms of trade mark law

10.3 Section 120

10.4 Section 121

10.5 The s 122 defences

10.6 The prior use defence

10.7 Exhaustion of rights and parallel importation

11 Passing off and Consumer Protection

11.1 Introduction

11.2 General principles

11.3 Establishing reputation

11.4 Misrepresentation

11.5 Damage

11.6 Summation

12 Revisiting the Relationship between Passing off and the Consumer Protection Regime

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Doctrinal differences

12.3 Protecting traders or consumers?

12.4 The alternative: the statutory prohibition as a regulatory instrument

13 Extended Passing off, Special Forms of Trade Marks and Related Legal Regimes

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Collective goodwill and collective rights

13.3 Defensive trade marks

13.4 Domain names

13.5 Special events legislation and ambush marketing

14 Exploitation of Trade Marks

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Assignments

14.3 Licensing

14.4 Securities

14.5 The interests of parties dealing with registered owners

14.6 Restrictions on exploitation: deception and non-use

14.7 Restrictions on exploitation: competition considerations

14.8 Franchising: special issues

15 Litigation and Remedies

15.1 Introduction

15.2 The decision to litigate

15.3 Threats actions

15.4 Jurisdiction

15.5 Acquiring and preserving evidence

15.6 Interlocutory injunctions

15.7 Final remedies in civil actions

15.8 Bars to relief

15.9 Criminal liability

15.10 Notice to Customs

 

 

Robert Burrell – Associate Professor, TC Beirne School of Law, The University of Queensland.

Michael Handler – Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, The University of New South Wales