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Explaining Creativity

The Science of Human Innovation

R. Keith Sawyer


Explaining Creativity is an accessible introduction to the latest scientific research on creativity. In the last 50 years, psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists have increasingly studied creativity, and we now know more about creativity than at any point in history. It considers not only arts like painting and writing, but also science, stage performance, and business innovation. Until about a decade ago, creativity researchers tended to focus on highly valued activities like fine art painting and Nobel prize winning science. Sawyer brings this research up to date by including movies, music videos, cartoons, video games, hypertext fiction, and computer technology. For example, this is the first book on creativity to include studies of performance and improvisation. Sawyer draws on the latest research findings to show the importance of collaboration and context in all of these creative activities.

Today's science of creativity is interdisciplinary; in addition to psychological studies of creativity the book includes research by anthropologists on creativity in non-Western cultures, and research by sociologists about the situation, contexts, and networks of creative activity. It brings these approaches together within the sociocultural approach to creativity pioneered by Howard Becker, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Howard Gardner. The sociocultural approach moves beyond the individual to consider the social and cultural contexts of creativity, emphasizing the role of collaboration and context in the creative process.

Part I: Conceptions
1: Introduction
2: Conceptions of creativity
Interlude 1: Defining creativity
Part II: Individualist approaches
3: Personality psychology
4: The second wave: Cognitive psychology
5: Biology
6: Computational approaches
Interlude 2: From individual to context
Part III: Contextualist approaches
7: Sociology
8: Culture
9: History
Interlude 3: Applying individualist and contextualist approaches to creativity
Part IV: Artistic creativity
10: Visual creativity
11: Writing
12: Music
13: Acting
Interlude 4: Goodbye to our creativity myths
Part V: Everyday creativity
14: Science
15: Business creativity
16: How to be more creative
Epilogue

R. Keith Sawyer - Associate Professor of Education, Washington University in St Louis