Engaging and accessible, this new edition of A History of Psychology chronicles the study of the human mind from ancient times to the present day. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the field, author John Benjafield covers the fascinating history of psychology while also exploring how thinkers and eras are linked to one another. Through precise and clear language, Benjafield chronicles the contributions of scores of psychological thinkers and psychologists-from Pythagoras, Lao-tzu, and Aristotle, to Darwin, Abraham Maslow, B.F. Skinner, and Herbert Simon. The third edition of this acclaimed text integrates the latest scholarship and delivers an up-to-date survey of the theorists whose ideas have shaped, and continue to shape, the study and practice of psychology.

1. Psychology and History Studying the History of Psychology The New History of Psychology Person or Zeitgeist? Ixion's Wheel or Jacob's Ladder? The New History of Science Feminism and the Psychology of Women Psychology as a Social Construction Psychological Research as a Social Construction Reconciling the 'Old' and 'New' Histories of Psychology 2. Touchstones: The Origins of Psychological Thought Pythagoras (570-495 BCE) Pythagorean Cosmology The Pythagorean Opposites Pythagorean Mathematics Plato (427-347 BCE) Pythagoras, Plato, and the Problem of the Irrational The Forms Lao-tsu (sixth century BCE) The Tension between Confucianism and Taoism What is Tao? The Book of Changes Aristotle (384-323 BCE) Aristotle's Differences with Plato The Nature of Human Action Memory The Scala Naturae St Thomas Aquinas and the Medieval View of the Universe 3. Touchstones: From Descartes to Darwin Rene Descartes (1596-1650) The Body as a Machine Isaac Newton (1642-1727) The Laws of Motion Can Newton's Laws Be Generalized to Psychology? The Nature of Colour The British Empiricists: John Locke (1602-1704), George Berkeley (1685-1753), and David Hume (1711-1776) John Locke George Berkeley David Hume James Mill (1773-1836) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) Universal Education The Importance of Emotion The Utopian Tradition in Psychology Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Kant's 'Second Copernican Revolution' Can Psychology Be a Science like Other Sciences? Charles Darwin (1809-1882) The Voyage of The Beagle The Development of the Theory of Evolution Darwin and Psychology 4. The Nineteenth-Century Transformation of Psychology J.F. Herbart (1776-1841) Herbart's Influence on Educational Psychology G.T. Fechner (1801-1887) Psychophysics Experimental Aesthetics Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1884) Helmholtz and the Nature of Perception Ewald Hering (1834-1918) Christine Ladd-Franklin (1847-1930) The Localization-of-Function Controversy The Study of Brain Injuries Francis Galton (1822-1911) Hereditary Genius Eugenics Statistics Memory Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) Social Darwinism 5. Wundt and His Contemporaries Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Investigations in the Laboratory Psychophysical Parallelism Cultural Psychology Wundt's Influence Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) The Experimental Study of Learning and Remembering Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) and the Invention of 'Paired Associates' Franz Brentano (1838-1917) The Wurzburg School 6. William James The Principles of Psychology Habit The Methods and Snares of Psychology The Stream of Thought The Consciousness of Self Attention and Memory The Emotions Will Other Topics 7. Freud and Jung The Unconscious Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Hysteria The Project for a Scientific Psychology The Interpretation of Dreams The Development of the Personality The Structure of the Personality Religion and Culture Freud's Death Freud and America Freud's Critics within Psychoanalysis Freud and Women Anna Freud (1895-1982) Karen Horney (1885-1952) and the Psychology of Women C.G. Jung (1875-1961) Jung's Relationship with Freud Analytical Psychology 8. Structure or Function? Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927) Structuralism Titchener's Experimental Psychology Titchener and the Imageless-Thought Controversy Titchener and the Dimensions of Consciousness Titchener's Influence Functionalism John Dewey (1859-1952) Critique of the Reflex Arc Concept Dewey's Influence on Educational Practice James R. Angell (1869-1949) Robert S. Woodworth (1869-1962) The S-O-R Framework Intelligence Testing James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944) Alfred Binet (1857-1911) Intelligence Testing in the United States Army What Is 'Intelligence', Anyway? Psychology in Business Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) Elton Mayo (1880-1949) Comparative Psychology Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) Learning as the Formation of Connections 9. Behaviourism Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) Conditioned Reflexes Speech Temperaments and Psychopathology Vivisection and Anti-vivisectionism Vladimir M. Bekhterev (1857-1827) John B. Watson (1878-1958) Psychology as the Behaviourist Views It Watson's Psychology Emotional, Manual, and Verbal Habits Watson and Rosalie Rayner Watson's Second Career in Advertising Karl S. Lashley (1890-1958) Cortical Localization of Function The Problem of Serial Order in Behaviour B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) The Nature of Behaviourism Skinner's Radical Behaviourism The Behavior of Organisms A Case History of Scientific Method The 'Baby Tender' Teaching Machines Skinner's Utopian and Dystopian Views 10. Gestalt Psychology and the Social Field Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) Phi Phenomenon The Minimum Principle Precursors of Gestalt Psychology The Laws of Perceptual Organization Productive Thinking Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967) The Mentality of Apes The Concept of Isomorphism Kurt Koffka (1886-1941) Principles of Gestalt Psychology The Growth of the Mind Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) and the Emergence of Social Psychology The Zeigarnik Effect Group Dynamics Fritz Heider (1896-1988) Leon Festinger (1919-1989) Cognitive Dissonance Solomon Asch (1907-1996) Forming Impressions of Personality Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) Studies of Obedience The Small-World Phenomenon Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965) Organismic Theory The Abstract Attitude 11. Research Methods Philosophy of Science Logical Positivism Operationism Where Did Psychologists Stand? Criticisms of Operationism Experimental Methods Statistical Inference R.A. Fisher (1890-1962) Fisher's Approach to Designing Experiments The Null Hypothesis Correlational Methods Charles Spearman (1863-1945) Cyril Burt (1883-1971) The Burt Scandal Louis Leon Thurstone (1887-1955) Lee J. Cronbach (1916-2001) and 'The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology' Qualitative Research Methods 12. Theories of Learning Ernest R. Hilgard (1904- 2001) E.R. Guthrie (1886-1959) Contiguity Repetition Reward One-Trial Learning Clark L. Hull (1884-1952) The Formal Structure of Hullian Theory The Hypothetico-Deductive Method Postulates Kenneth W. Spence (1907-1967) Charles E. Osgood (1916-1991) The Semantic Differential E.C. Tolman (1886-1959) Purposive Behaviour Cognitive Maps The Place-versus-Response Controversy The Verbal Learning Tradition Functionalism and Verbal Learning Acquisition Serial Learning The Fate of Verbal Learning D.O. Hebb (1904-1985) The Emergence of Neuroscience The Organization of Behaviour Motivation Experiments in Sensory Deprivation Albert Bandura (1925-) Social Learning Theory Behavior Modification Reciprocal Determinism 13. The Developmental Point of View G. Stanley Hall (1884-1924) The Theory of Recapitulation Hall's Life and Career Hall's Recapitulationism Questionnaires Adolescence James Mark Baldwin (1861-1934) Psychology of Mental Development Heinz Werner (1890-1964) The Comparative Psychology of Mental Development Uniformity versus Multiformity Continuity versus Discontinuity Unilinearity versus Multilinearity Fixity versus Mobility Microgenesis Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Barbel Inhelder (1913-1997) Genetic Epistemology The Development of Intelligence Piaget's Clinical Method Stages in the Development of Intelligence Piaget as a Structuralist Can Development Ever End? L.S. Vygotsky (1896-1934) Thought and Language The Zone of Proximal Development Erik H. Erikson (1902-1994) Lifespan Developmental Psychology Epigenesis The Eight Stages Eleanor J. Gibson (1910-2002) Perceptual Learning The Visual Cliff Eleanor Gibson on the Future of Psychology 14. Humanistic Psychology Existentialism Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966) The Emergence of Humanistic Psychology Charlotte Malachowski B?hler (1893-1974) Rollo May (1909-1994) Abraham H. Maslow (1908-1970) The Hierarchy of Needs The Self-actualizing Person Peak Experiences The Psychology of Science Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987) Client-Centred Therapy Eugene T. Gendlin Encounter Groups What Happened to Humanistic Psychology? George A. Kelly (1905-1967) The Psychology of Personal Constructs The Repertory Test Research in Personal-Construct Theory 15. Cognitive Psychology The Concept of 'Information' Noam Chomsky (1928- ) Syntactic Structures Cartesian Linguistics George A. Miller (1920- ) The Magical Number Seven Plans and the Structure of Behaviour Subjective Behaviourism Giving Psychology Away Jerome S. Bruner (1915- ) The New Look in Perception A Study of Thinking Sir Frederic Bartlett (1886-1969) Ulric Neisser (1928-) Cognitive Psychology James J. Gibson (1904-1979) Cognition and Reality Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001) Spurious Correlation and the Nature of Causality Computer Simulation Criticisms of Computer Simulation Amos Tversky (1937-1996) and Daniel Kahneman (1934- ) Heuristics and Biases Do Statistics Courses Help? 16. The Future of Psychology Does Psychology Have Paradigms? Why Have So Many Psychologists Found the Paradigm Concept Congenial? Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) Psychology, Modernism, and Postmodernism Modernism Postmodernism The Differentiation of Psychology The Future of the History of Psychology Psychology as a Global Endeavour Envoi

John G. Benjafield , Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology, Brock University, John G. Benjafield , Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Brock University, John G. Benjafield , Professor Emeritus, Brock University, Canada

"This text is well organized, lucidly written, and easy to follow. In short, the author creates an atmosphere of erudite discussion in psychology helpful for both students and academics alike." --Dieter Halbwidl, Concordia University