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Foundation Clinical Nursing Skills

Charles Docherty, Jacqueline McCallum


First year nursing students require a firm foundation in clinical skills in order to succeed on placement, and in their studies. It is not enough to know how to perform a skill - today's students must understand how clinical skills link to biology, holistic care, safety and clinical evidence before they can undertake and master skills on placement. When starting out, it has been difficult to link theory to practice, especially across a range of patients, until now!

Foundation Clinical Nursing Skills provides a clear introduction to both the knowledge and practical procedures that first year nursing students require. Without assuming prior knowledge, the authors carefully describe each element of a skill and demonstrate how it should be performed correctly on any patient and in any setting.

Covering the NMC's Essential Skills Clusters for first year students, straightforward language explains the biology, evidence-base and rationale so students know why to perform each skill in that way. Colour illustrations and selected video clips to show students how to perform a skill. Scenarios and tips show how care is given to children, adults and those people with learning disabilities or experiencing mental health problems. Examples are taken from community and hospital settings ensuring students can deliver skills on every placement. Supporting evidence, protocols and guidelines are reviewed and updated every three months on our free dedicated Online Resource Centre (which includes extra activities and teaching tools).

Designed specifically to help first year students get off to the best start possible, Foundation Clinical Nursing Skills provides a high quality and student friendly account of the skills that are required at this stage of the course.

1. IntroductionCharles Docherty and Jacqueline McCallum:
2. Mandatory skills
2.1. William McDonald: Communication
2.2. Valerie Ness: Moving and Handling
2.3. Ken Taylor: Therapeutic Management of Aggression and Violence
2.4. Claire McGuinness: Infection prevention and control
2.5. Elizabeth Simpson: Resuscitation
2.6. Claire McGuiness and Valerie Ness: Administration of medicines
3. Maintaining a safe environmentJayne Donaldson and Valerie Ness:
3.1. Falls prevention and risk assessment
3.2. Skin assessment
3.3. Pain assessment
3.4. Neurological assessment
3.5. Early warning signs for critical illness
4. CommunicatingWilliam McDonald:
4.1. Verbal and nonverbal communication skills
4.2. Listening and observation skills
4.3. Engaging skills
4.4. Interviews and questioning
4.5. Written communication
4.6. Telephone communication
4.7. The context in which communication occurs
5. BreathingJacqueline McCallum and Ellen Malcolm:
5.1. Assessment of breathing
5.2. Positioning the patient to facilitate breathing
5.3. Using oxygen therapy to facilitate the patient's breathing
5.4. Observation of cough and sputum
6. Eating and drinkingJacqueline McCallum and Bridget Reade:
6.1. Nutritional assessment
6.2. Assistance with eating
6.3. Providing special diets
6.4. Caring for a patient suffering from vomiting or nausea
6.5. Fluid balance
7. EliminatingMary Ballentyne and Valerie Ness:
7.1. Assessment
7.2. Urinalysis
7.3. Catheter care
7.4. Assisting patients to use bedpans, commodes and urinals
7.5. Collecting stool specimens and testing for faecal occult blood
8. Personal cleansing and dressingCharles Docherty, Kirsteen Lang and John Timmins:
8.1. Skin care
8.2. Showering and bathing
8.3. Washing a patient in bed
8.4. Shaving
8.5. Hair care
8.6. Eye care
8.7. Mouth care
8.8. Dressing
8.9. Wound assessment
8.10. Aseptic technique
8.11. Removal of sutures, staples and clips
8.12. Total patient care
9. Controlling body temperatureElizabeth Simpson, Valerie Ness, Claire McGuiness and William McDonald:
9.1. Assessing body temperature
9.2. Facilitating the control of body temperature
10. MobilizingValerie Ness and John Murray:
10.1. Patient assessment
10.2. Recognizing and preventing the major complications of immobility
10.3. Recognizing and selecting common handling aids
10.4. Practical handling of bedbound patients
10.5. Positioning the patient in a chair
10.6. Performing a range of motion exercises
10.7. Managing more complex mobilizing needs
11. Working and playingPeter Johnstone:
11.1. Assessing developmental stage for play
11.2. Selecting suitable play and recreational activities for patients
12. DyingLinda Loftus:
12.1. Communication with the patient and relatives
12.2. Communication skills in assessing the patient with advanced disease
12.3. Oral care
12.4. Assessment and management of pain
12.5. Last offices

Charles Docherty, Senior Lecturer in Nursing at Glasgow Caledonian University. He provides strategic direction to practice-based learning in the School of Nursing, Midwifery and Community Health. He has published on the acquisition of clinical skills in simulated environments and his doctoral studies focused on how mentors assess nursing students' clinical performance.


Jacqueline McCallum, Lecturer in Adult Nursing at Glasgow Caledonian University. She teaches modules in clinical skills, adult nursing and critical care. She specialises in skills and simulation education, including the use of actors and 'mid-fidelity' simulators as patients. Having spent eleven years as a cardiac nurse, Jacqueline has written numerous articles on cardiac and critical care nursing, as well as skills acquisition.